Zika vaccine works on mice, hope for humans

The 2 vaccines tested worked against 2 strains of Zika virus, including one from the Brazil outbreak.

New research in lab animals, including Zika vaccines successfully tested on mice, boosted hopes Tuesday for a jab to shield humans against the brain-damaging virus.

Two prototype vaccines tested on lab mice “provided complete protection against the Zika virus” with just a single shot, reported the first team.

“These findings certainly raise optimism that the development of a safe and effective vaccine against Zika virus for humans may be successful,” said Dan Barouch, director of the Harvard Medical School’s Centre for Virology and Vaccine Research, who co-authored a paper in Nature.

His optimism was echoed in a separate study into Zika infection in rhesus macaques — close genetic relatives of humans and well-matched animal models for medical testing.

In a study in sister journal Nature Communica-tions, a US-based team said they managed for the first time to infect lab monkeys with the Zika virus. And they found that a single infection, mostly symptom-free as in humans, provided “complete protection” against later Zika exposure.

“This is a key finding because it means that a vaccine could be quite effective against the virus,” said study co-author Dawn Dudley of the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

“It also indicates that people who are already infected with Zika virus are not susceptible to future infection, for example during a future pregnancy.”

Benign in most people, Zika has been linked to a form of severe brain damage called microcephaly in babies, and to rare adult-onset neurological problems such as Guillain-Barre Syndrome, which can result in paralysis and death. In an outbreak that started last year, about 1.5 million people have been infected with Zika in Brazil, and more than 1,600 babies born with abnormally small heads and brains.

On the downside, Dudley’s team found that the virus persisted as much as two months longer in pregnant monkeys as non-pregnant ones, who were generally virus-free within 10 days after infection.

One hypothesis was that the foetuses themselves are infected, and remain so for much longer than adults. “My concern for Zika virus in pregnancy is much higher now than it was six months ago,” Dudley said of the discovery.

There is no cure or vaccine for Zika, but the World Health Organis-ation said in April that more than 60 companies and research institutions were working on drug candidates — including 18 vaccines targeting women of childbearing age.

Barouch said the two vaccines his team tested worked against two strains of the Zika virus, including one from the Brazil outbreak.